Guar & Guar Gum: What It Is, Uses, Benefits, Market & More
Guar gum (also known as guaran) is a versatile natural thickening and stabilizing agent that finds numerous applications in the food, health, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and energy industries. It has emerged as India’s top farm export and plays a significant role in revolutionizing these industries.
Extracted from Guar beans, guaran or guar gum finds an extensive market for its multi-faceted capabilities. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore its journey from seed to shelf and its various applications in diverse industries.
What is Guar Gum?
Guar gum, also known as guaran, is a natural thickening and stabilizing agent extracted from the seeds of the guar plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). Widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and energy industries, it is valued for its ability to form gels and improve texture in various products.
What is Guar?
Guar is a drought-resistant annual legume plant (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), native to Africa and widely grown in India and Pakistan. Traditionally used as a vegetable, animal fodder, and green manure, guar is valued for its edible seeds, which are also the source of guar gum.
Origins & History of Guar Gum
It comes from the guar plant (cluster bean), botanically known as Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. This annual legume grows in an arid climate and is currently grown in India, Pakistan, Australia, and Africa. The plant originated in Africa, and some Arab traders traveling east introduced it to the South Asian subcontinent.
Now, 80% of Guar’s worldwide production occurs in India, where the plant has numerous variations of names such as gavar, gawar, or guvar. The Indian states – Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Haryana, are the leading guar producers.
Traditionally, guar was used as a fodder or vegetable crop and a good source of manure. It was in the 1950s that it was discovered for its large-scale industrial applications, which began this crop’s production for full-fledged commercial purposes.
Guar gum soon emerged as a popular alternative to locust bean gum.
What Is Guar Gum Made Of?
Guar gum is made of gel-forming galactomannans, which are natural polysaccharides extracted by grinding the endosperm of guar plant seeds (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). These galactomannans consist mainly of the sugars galactose and mannose, giving guar gum its thickening and stabilizing properties.
Guar Gum Composition
Guar gum is a galactomannan polysaccharide composed of a linear mannose chain with short side branches of galactose. This partially hydrolyzed guar gum powder is highly soluble in cold water, making it easy to incorporate into various applications.
- With a high molecular weight and a significant degree of polymerization, it exhibits remarkable thickening and stabilizing properties.
- It is also a rich source of soluble dietary fiber, containing both soluble and insoluble fibers, contributing to its effectiveness in numerous formulations.
Physico-chemical Properties of Guar Gum
It has a high viscosity and gel strength, making it an effective thickening agent.
- Its high solubility in water remains unaffected by pH or temperature variations, ensuring consistent performance.
- As a non-ionic and uncharged polymer, guar gum is compatible with a wide range of ingredients.
- Additionally, its high degree of hydration allows it to absorb and retain large amounts of water, further enhancing its functional properties.
Guar Gum Production Process
SHI operates well-equipped laboratories with the latest equipment and experienced staff, conforming to International standards. It is produced following best industry practices.
Here is the simplified manufacturing process of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum from extraction to the final product:
- Seed Cleaning: Guar seeds are harvested from the mature pods and are cleaned to remove impurities like dirt and plant debris.
- De-husking and De-germing: The husk and inner germ are removed through milling, isolating the endosperm containing the guar gum.
- Milling and Grinding: The endosperm (now called “guar splits”) is milled and ground into a fine powder. This breaks down the cell walls of the endosperm and releases guar gum.
- Screening and Grading: The powder is passed through screens to separate particle sizes, resulting in distinct guar gum powder grades with various viscosities.
- Packaging and Storage: The final powder is now formed and packaged in appropriate containers to be stored in a dry, cool place.
What Is Guar Gum Used For?
Guar gum is used to improve texture in foods, increase viscosity in oil and gas drilling fluids, bind ingredients in pharmaceuticals, enhance consistency in cosmetics, and as a sizing agent in textiles and paper.
Guar Gum Uses: Industrial Applications
Let’s understand it’s role in various industries in depth
1. Food Industry
Its unique properties make it particularly valuable in gluten-free baking, where it helps improve texture and structure. It can also extend food’s shelf life by preventing rapid thawing.
Guar gum is an ingredient in:
- Bakery products – to improve the texture of baked goods, reduce staling, and can be used to make gluten-free breads
- Dairy products – to enhance the texture and mouthfeel of yogurt, prevent ice crystal growth in ice cream and stabilize aerated desserts
- Beverages – to thicken and increase viscosity due to its resistance in breaking down in low pH conditions
- Processed meats – to bind and lubricate sausage and stuffed meat products
- Salad dressings, sauces & soups – to thicken and for its compatibility with high acidic emulsions
2. Pharmaceutical Sector
It has antimicrobial, appetite-suppressing, laxative (due to its high fiber content), antiproliferative and hypolipidemic properties, so it is used in medication formulations.
3. Cosmetics and Personal Care
It is commonly used in shampoos, conditioners, and lotions due to its emollient, thickening, and conditioning properties. It is also used in cosmetic formulations to enhance consistency and texture.
4. Oil & Gas Industry
Guar gum is a natural polysaccharide extensively used commercially in the oil and gas industry in recent decades. It adds viscous and friction reduction properties to fracturing fluids, enabling deeper penetration into the reservoir and wider fracture propagation, thus helping produce more oil and gas.
5. Textile and Paper Industries
Guar gum uses include acting as a thickening agent in dye solutions for fabric printing in the textile industry. It is also a sizing agent that improves fabric strength and texture during weaving.
Similarly, in paper manufacturing, it helps create a dense surface for printing, leading to better-quality sheets.
6. Pet Food Industry
Guar gum additives effectively preserve pet food freshness and structural integrity until consumption. Moreover, this ingredient has been known to contribute to improved cholesterol and amino acid levels in pets.
SHI is a premier manufacturer and supplier of top-quality hydrocolloids and related products. It is located in Rajasthan, India, and has an outstanding track record of over 40 years. Contact us to know more or to place your order.
Health and Nutritional Aspects of Guar Gum
Its benefits extend to the health sector as well.
Nutritional Profile of Gel Forming Dietary Fiber
- Dietary fiber – It has a high soluble fibre content which makes it effective in dealing with digestive ailments.
- Caloric value – It is generally low in fat and calories.
- Mineral content – It contains high amounts of iron.
- Protein value – Protein content may range from 5–6%.
Health Benefits of Guar Gum
Digestive health – It acts as a prebiotic. It promotes good bacteria growth, reduces harmful bacteria in the gut & helps with digestive problems such as diarrhea, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) & constipation.
Blood sugar management – Studies show that guar gum may lower blood sugar. As a soluble fiber, it slows sugar absorption and reduces blood glucose levels.
Cholesterol effects – It has cholesterol-lowering and blood pressure-reducing effects in people with high cholesterol.
Weight management – Some studies have found that guar gum supports weight loss through appetite control. It slows the rate at which food moves through the digestive system and promotes satiety, leading to a lower calorie intake.
Safety Considerations
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) generally recognizes guar gum as safe for consumption in specified amounts in various food products. The recommended daily intake is 5-7 grams with meals.
Always consult a healthcare provider to determine the recommended dose for your specific condition.
Potential Concerns: Gaur gum can initially cause digestive issues such as gas, bloating and diarrhea. It can also cause intestinal obstruction in those with a condition that narrows your esophagus or intestine. If you don’t drink enough water, it can cause choking and constipation.
Guar Gum Commercial Impact and Market Trends
The global guar gum market is experiencing significant growth driven by its widespread applications in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and oil and gas industries.
The US oil industry has bought approximately 300,000 tonnes of Indian guar, about 75% of India’s total output, benefiting Indian farmers greatly. Additionally, the increasing market demand for guar gum supplementation due to its health benefits contributes to its growing demand.
As per Fortune Business Insights, the market size was valued at USD 1.34 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 2.74 billion by 2031, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.3% during this period.
Following these statistics, the prospects for food-grade, industrial-grade, and pharmaceutical-grade guar gum look promising with continuously rising demands. Looking at future trends, the Indian market is expected to generate USD 118.72 million by the end of 2035. This represents a CAGR of 7.72% from 2023 to 2035.
Comparison of Guar Gum with Other Gums
While other gums such as xanthan gum and carrageenan, share similar properties and uses, guar gum offers several distinct advantages.
- It is more soluble in cold water than xanthan gum, making it easier to use in cold applications.
- It also has a higher viscosity and gel strength than carrageenan, making it a more effective thickening agent.
Additionally, guar gum is more cost-effective than many other gums, making it a popular choice for manufacturers seeking both performance and affordability.
Sustainable Production and Environmental Impact
Guar gum is a sustainably produced, natural hydrocolloid that is found to be applicable in various industries. It is organically cultivated, employing the best farming practices with efficient irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and crop rotation. It is produced by ensuring collaboration between farmers, processors, and researchers to promote sustainable practices and minimize ecological impact.
Our Quality Assurance System takes optimal care of safety, the environment, human welfare, and the conservation of energy and natural resources. By embracing sustainable practices, we manufacture and supply environmentally responsible hydrocolloids for various applications.
Guar Gum SHI Offers
GUAR GUM SXL-20: This modified hydrocolloid is manufactured by Sunita Hydrocolloids Inc., using state-of-the-art technology to manage the rheological properties of various food systems.
GUAR GUM SXL-30: This modified version gives perfect synergy with Kappa Carrageenan and Xanthan Gum and imparts higher gel strength compared to Locust Bean Gum (LBG).
GUAR GUM SXL-40: The product provides thickening, freeze thaw stability, and smooth flow properties when used in mixtures with Xanthan and Kappa Carrageenan.
